[MATERI] Adverbial Clause
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb yang berada pada independent clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree.Karena mereka adalah klausa dependent, mereka harus memiliki subordinating conjunction untuk menghubungkannya dengan klausa lainnya.
Berikut beberapa contoh konjungsi subordinatif:
Time: after, when, until, soon, before, once, while, as soon as, whenever, by the time
Condition: if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless, even if, in the event
Cause and effect: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that, inasmuch as
Contrast: though, although, while, whereas, even though
Fungsi dan contoh kalimat
Memberikan informasi “verb” = You are sleeping when she arrived
Memberikan informasi “adjective” = Her face is fresh because she always does exercise and eats fruits.
Memberikan informasi “adverd” = He drove fast in order that he could arrive on time
Rumus Adverbial Clause
Subordinate conjunction berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan independent clause yang diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan dengan complex sentence, yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.
Example :
When he cleaned the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food.
(Dia membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan banyak makanan kadaluarsa.)
Keterangan: when = subordinate conjuntion, when he cleaned the kitchen = adverbial clause, he found a lot of expired food = independent clause
Selain itu, Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent clause. Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh adverbial clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.
Jenis - jenis Adverbial Clause
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Reduced adverbial clause
Adalah adverbial clause yang diperpendek menjadi adverbial phrase. Tidak semua adverbial clause dapat direduksi. Hanya adverbial clause of time (waktu), cause and effect (sebab dan akibat), dan contrast (pertentangan) yang memungkinkan untuk direduksi. Adverbial clause tersebut mungkin dapat direduksi jika subject-nya sama dengan subject pada main clause-nya.
- Adverbial clause of time
Reduced adverbial clause of time dengan subordinate conjunction before, after, dan since didapat dengan menghilangkan subject dan mengganti verb (kata kerja) dengan verb-ing. Sedangkan dengan as, subject dihilangkan bersama conjunction tersebut. as soon as dapat diperpendek dengan menghilangkan subject, mengganti verb dengan verb-ing, dan mengganti conjunction tersebut dengan kata depan (upon atau on)
Contoh:
They had met twice before they got married. -> They had met twice before getting married.
As I was driving home, I saw him crossing the street.-> Driving home, I saw him crossing the street.
As soon as he arrived home, he collapsed onto sofa.-> Upon arriving home, he collaped onto sofa.
- Adverbial Clause of Cause and Effect
Conjunction as, because, dan since pada adverbial clause of cause and effect dihilangkan bersama dengan subject. Rumus: as / because / since + S + V direduksi menjadi Verb-ing
Contoh:
Because he didn’t feel well, he went to bed early. -> Not feeling well, he went to bed early.
- Adverbial Clause of Contrast
Adverbial clause of contrast dengan although, though, dan while yang menggunakan verb selain to be (is, am, are, was, were) direduksi dengan menghilangkan subject dan mengganti verb dengan verb-ing; sementara yang menggunakan verb to be direduksi dengan menghilangkan subject berikut to be namun mempertahankan subject complement (noun/adjective) setelah to be tersebut. Conjunction pada reduced adverbial clause of opposition dipertahankan.
Rumus:
1. although / though / while + S + V (selain be) -> although / though / while + V-ing
2. although / though / while + S + V (be) + subject complement (noun/adjective) -> although / though / while + subject complement
Contoh:
1. She didn’t get the job though she has 5 years of experience.-> She didn’t get the job though having 5 years of experience.
2. Although they are cheap, the smartphones have good performance. -> Although cheap, the smartphones have good perfomance.
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Sumber referensi:
Modul Academic English Widyatama
https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-adverbial-clauses
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